Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2001 · 145 citations · 23 references
Veterinary MedicineGeneticsInfectious DiseasesInfectious Disease EpidemiologyMolecular EpidemiologyPopulation GeneticsEvolutionary EpidemiologyGenomic EpidemiologyHost-pathogen CoevolutionPathogen EmergencePathogen EvolutionPopulation ImmunityEscapeEvolutionary Dynamics Of EpidemicsGenetic PolymorphismsGenetic Variability AnalysisGenotype DistributionPathogen Population GeneticsPathogen Population StructurePositive Selection
The genetic variability at six polymorphic loci was examined within a global collection of 502 isolates of subgroup III, serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis. Nine "genoclouds" were identified, consisting of genotypes that were isolated repeatedly plus 48 descendent genotypes that were isolated rarely. These genoclouds have caused three pandemic waves of disease since the mid-1960s, the most recent of which was imported from East Asia to Europe and Africa in the mid-1990s. Many of the genotypes are escape variants, resulting from positive selection that we attribute to herd immunity. Despite positive selection, most escape variants are less fit than their parents and are lost because of competition and bottlenecks during spread from country to country. Competition between fit genotypes results in dramatic changes in population composition over short time periods.
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SplitsTree: analyzing and visualizing evolutionary data.
Daniel H. Huson · Bioinformatics · 1998 · 1.7K citations · Full text