Compendium of Animal Rabies Prevention and Control, 2011

Abstract

R abies is a fatal viral zoonosis and a serious public health problem. 1 All mammals are believed to be susceptible to the disease, and for purposes of this document, use of the term animal refers to mammals.The disease is an acute, progressive encephalitis caused by a lyssavirus.Rabies virus is the most important lyssavirus globally.In the United States, multiple rabies virus variants are maintained in wild mammalian reservoir populations, such as raccoons, skunks, foxes, and bats.][4][5][6] The virus is usually transmitted from animal to animal through bites.The incubation period is highly variable.In domestic animals, it is generally 3 to 12 weeks but can range from several days to months, rarely exceeding 6 months. 7Rabies is communicable during the period of salivary shedding of rabies virus.Experimental and historic evidence document that dogs, cats, and ferrets shed virus a few days prior to clinical onset and during illness.Clinical signs of rabies are variable and include inappetence, dysphagia, cranial nerve deficits, abnormal behavior, ataxia, paralysis, altered vocalization, and seizures.Progression to death is rapid.There are currently no known effective rabies antiviral drugs.