Electrochemical Intercalation of Lithium Ion within Graphite from Propylene Carbonate Solutions

Abstract

Electrochemical lithium intercalation within graphite was investigated in propylene carbonate (PC) containing different concentrations, 0.82 and of bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, Lithium ion was reversibly intercalated into and deintercalated from graphite in the latter concentrated solution in spite of the use of pure PC as a solvent, whereas ceaseless solvent decomposition and intensive exfoliation of graphene layers occurred in the former solution. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that a stage I graphite intercalation compound was formed after being fully charged in the solution. The results of Raman analysis indicated that no free PC molecules are present in the concentrated solution, which suggested that the ion/solvent interactions would be an important factor that determines the ability of stable surface film formation in PC-based solutions. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.