Development of an X-ray pixel detector with multi-port charge-coupled device for X-ray free-electron laser experiments

TLDR

The study develops an X‑ray pixel detector using a multi‑port CCD for free‑electron laser experiments. The detector was fabricated with a radiation‑hard CCD, optimized for 5 Me‑full well capacity in 50 µm pixels, single‑photon sensitivity above 6 keV, and 60 fps readout, and integrated into a complete MPCCD system. The paper reports on the detector’s performance, calibration procedures, and operational status.

Abstract

This paper presents development of an X-ray pixel detector with a multi-port charge-coupled device (MPCCD) for X-ray Free-Electron laser experiments. The fabrication process of the CCD was selected based on the X-ray radiation hardness against the estimated annual dose of 1.6 × 10(14) photon/mm(2). The sensor device was optimized by maximizing the full well capacity as high as 5 Me- within 50 μm square pixels while keeping the single photon detection capability for X-ray photons higher than 6 keV and a readout speed of 60 frames/s. The system development also included a detector system for the MPCCD sensor. This paper summarizes the performance, calibration methods, and operation status.