Prevalence and Clinical Symptoms of Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Hospitalized Patients

TLDR

We retrospectively analyzed 1,515 respiratory samples over 17 months using RT‑PCR to determine the prevalence of human metapneumovirus in a Dutch university hospital. Human metapneumovirus was found in 7 % of respiratory samples, ranking second among viral pathogens during the last two winter seasons, and was mainly detected in very young children and immunocompromised patients, underscoring its importance as a respiratory tract infection agent.

Abstract

During a 17-month period, we performed retrospective analyses of the prevalence of and clinical symptoms associated with human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection, among patients in a university hospital in The Netherlands. All available nasal-aspirate, throat-swab, sputum, and bronchoalveolar-lavage samples (N=1515) were tested for hMPV RNA by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. hMPV RNA was detected in 7% of samples from patients with respiratory tract illnesses (RTIs) and was the second-most-detected viral pathogen in these patients during the last 2 winter seasons. hMPV was detected primarily in very young children and in immunocompromised individuals. In young children, clinical symptoms associated with hMPV infection were similar to those associated with human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) infection, but dyspnea, feeding difficulties, and hypoxemia were reported more frequently in hRSV-infected children. Treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids was reported more frequently in hMPV-infected children. From these data, we conclude that hMPV is an important pathogen associated with RTI