International Journal of the Addictions · 1987 · 128 citations · 13 references
MedicinePsychiatryPsychologyAbnormal PsychologyAddiction PsychiatryTrauma-related DisordersAddictionAlcohol DependenceLate-life TraumaPost-traumatic Stress DisorderTrauma DisordersTrauma-focused PsychotherapyAffectClinical PsychometricsCumulative Trauma BurdenCumulative Trauma DisordersGambling DisorderLife StressorsPathological GamblingTrauma Experience
Major traumatic events were discovered in the histories of 23% of pathological gamblers seeking hospital treatment. These high-trauma patients were compared with groups of gambler patients who had experienced insignificant, low, or moderate amounts of life trauma. High-trauma patients tended, as measured by standard psychometrics, to be more depressed, anxious, and avoidant in personality style; they were also more likely to be abusing alcohol or other drugs. In their discussion the authors focus on the concept of learned dysthymia, a chronic state of negative affect related to cumulative life trauma and seemingly instrumental in potentiating addictive euphoria.
13
Jean Endicott · Archives of General Psychiatry · 1978 · 5.7K citations
Affective disorders among pathological gamblers seeking treatment
Richard A. McCormick, Angel M. Russo, Luis F. Ramirez et al. · American Journal of Psychiatry · 1984 · 344 citations
Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychology +17
Signs and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Mardi J. Horowitz · Archives of General Psychiatry · 1980 · 340 citations