Nectar, Floral Morphology and Pollination Syndrome in Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae (Cornales)

Abstract

Pollinator switches from short-tongued bees via long-tongued bees to hummingbirds appear to have taken place repeatedly in the genera Nasa, Loasa and Caiophora. Changes in nectar amount and concentration appear to evolve rapidly with little phylogenetic constraint.