Protection of Power Systems with Distributed Generation: State of the Art

Abstract

The integration of distributed sources into existing networks brings up sev-eral technical, economical and regulatory questions. In terms of physical integration, protection is one of the major issues. Therefore new protec-tion schemes for both distributed generators (DG) and utility distribution networks have been developed in the recent years, but there are still open questions. This document is the result of a literature study and intends to give an overview of issues and current state concerning protection of DG. The ¯rst part gives a basic introduction to distributed generation and power system protection. In section 2 protection issues concerning DG are outlined, then the current practice is described in section 3. In section 4 some new approaches in this ¯eld are reported and ¯nally section 5 concludes with an