Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Relation to Quality of Life, Mood, Symptoms of Stress, and Immune Parameters in Breast and Prostate Cancer Outpatients

TLDR

The study examined how an 8‑week mindfulness‑based stress reduction program affected quality of life, mood, stress symptoms, and immune parameters in early‑stage breast and prostate cancer patients. Forty‑nine breast and ten prostate cancer patients completed an 8‑week MBSR program that included relaxation, meditation, gentle yoga, and daily home practice, with pre‑ and post‑intervention assessments of quality of life, mood, stress, lymphocyte subsets, and cytokine production. Participants showed significant improvements in overall quality of life, stress symptoms, and sleep quality, and the program induced a shift in cytokine production—IL‑4 increased, IFN‑γ decreased, and NK IL‑10 decreased—suggesting a move toward a more normal immune profile, marking the first evidence of cytokine changes linked to MBSR in cancer patients.

Abstract

Objectives: This study investigated the relationships between a mindfulness-based stress reduction meditation program for early stage breast and prostate cancer patients and quality of life, mood states, stress symptoms, lymphocyte counts, and cytokine production. Methods: Forty-nine patients with breast cancer and 10 with prostate cancer participated in an 8-week MBSR program that incorporated relaxation, meditation, gentle yoga, and daily home practice. Demographic and health behavior variables, quality of life (EORTC QLQ C-30), mood (POMS), stress (SOSI), and counts of NK, NKT, B, T total, T helper, and T cytotoxic cells, as well as NK and T cell production of TNF, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 were assessed pre- and postintervention. Results: Fifty-nine and 42 patients were assessed pre- and postintervention, respectively. Significant improvements were seen in overall quality of life, symptoms of stress, and sleep quality. Although there were no significant changes in the overall number of lymphocytes or cell subsets, T cell production of IL-4 increased and IFN-γ decreased, whereas NK cell production of IL-10 decreased. These results are consistent with a shift in immune profile from one associated with depressive symptoms to a more normal profile. Conclusions: MBSR participation was associated with enhanced quality of life and decreased stress symptoms in breast and prostate cancer patients. This study is also the first to show changes in cancer-related cytokine production associated with program participation.