Topological Winding and Unwinding in Metastable Bose-Einstein Condensates

Abstract

Topological winding and unwinding in a quasi-one-dimensional metastable Bose-Einstein condensate are shown to be manipulated by changing the strength of interaction or the frequency of rotation. Exact diagonalization analysis reveals that quasidegenerate states emerge spontaneously near the transition point, allowing a smooth crossover between topologically distinct states. On a mean-field level, the transition is accompanied by formation of gray solitons, or density notches, which serve as an experimental signature of this phenomenon.