Idiopathic Focal Ventricular Arrhythmias Originating from the Anterior Papillary Muscle in the Left Ventricle

Abstract

VAs may arise from the base or middle portion of the APM and are characterized by an RBBB and RIA QRS morphology and focal mechanism. Catheter ablation of APM VAs is typically challenging, and creation of a deep radiofrequency lesion may be necessary for long-term success.