A Simple Model for Calculating Transformer Hot-Spot Temperature

Abstract

A simple model for calculating the hot-spot temperature is introduced. The model is based on the hot-spot to ambient gradient. The model considers the changes of the oil viscosity and winding losses with temperature. The results are compared with temperatures calculated by IEEE Annex G method and measured results at varying load for the following transformer units: 250-MVA ONAF, 400-MVA ONAF, and 605-MVA OFAF.