Spatial representations acquired from computer models: Cognitive load, orientation specificity and the acquisition of survey knowledge

Abstract

Past research has shown that spatial knowledge acquired from maps is orientation specific while that acquired from direct experience is not. Research using computer model exposure to an environment has sometimes succeeded in eliminating orientation specificity but usually at a cost of generally poor spatial judgment performance on the part of participants. Typically, orientation specificity has been assessed using simulated orientation tests where participants must imagine their locations and facing directions. The current research reduces cognitive load by not using a simulated test of orientation and in doing so succeeds in eliminating orientation specificity while maintaining generally accurate performance after computer model exposure. In tests of survey knowledge, the current research finds evidence that computer model exposure has variable affects on participants over extended periods of time.