MRI Findings in Autoimmune Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Complex Encephalitis with Seizures: One Potential Etiology for Mesial Temporal Sclerosis

Abstract

Autoimmune voltage-gated potassium channel complex encephalitis is frequently manifested as enlargement, T2 hyperintensity, enhancement, and restricted diffusion of the mesial temporal lobe structures in the acute phase. Recognition of these typical imaging findings may help prompt serologic diagnosis, preventing unnecessary invasive procedures and facilitating early institution of immunotherapy. Serial MR imaging may demonstrate resolution or progression of radiologic changes, including development of changes involving the contralateral side and frequent development of mesial temporal sclerosis.