Soliton mode-locking with saturable absorbers

TLDR

The study investigates ultrashort pulse generation via fundamental soliton mode‑locking stabilized by a saturable absorber, particularly when the absorber’s recovery time exceeds the pulse width. Using soliton perturbation theory, the authors derive equations for soliton parameters and the continuum in a mode‑locked laser and validate these predictions against experimental data. Analytic criteria delineate the transition from stable to unstable soliton generation, demonstrating that slow saturable absorbers alone can produce ultrashort pulses, with experiments achieving 13‑fs pulses using semiconductor absorbers.

Abstract

We investigate ultrashort pulse generation based on the fundamental soliton generation that is stabilized by a saturable absorber. The case of an absorber with a recovery time much longer than the pulsewidth of the generated soliton is investigated in detail. Based on soliton perturbation theory we derive equations for the soliton variables and the continuum generated in a mode-locked laser. Analytic criteria for the transition from stable to unstable soliton generation are derived. The results demonstrate the possibility of ultrashort pulse generation by a slow saturable absorber only. The theoretical results are compared with experiments. We generate pulses as short as 13 fs using only semiconductor saturable absorbers.