IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · 2006 · 432 citations · 38 references
RadarGeneralized CrlbNlos DataEngineeringLocation EstimationLocation AwarenessPositioning SystemLocalization TechniquePositioningRf LocalizationLocalizationSignal ProcessingSignal StrengthWireless Geolocation
The study assumes single‑path propagation, either line‑of‑sight or non‑line‑of‑sight. The paper analyzes TOA, TDOA, AOA, and SS positioning methods in NLOS environments. The authors evaluate positioning accuracy using CRLB or G‑CRLB, investigate hybrid schemes combining multiple data types, and compare the four methods’ accuracy in NLOS settings. MLE using only LOS estimates asymptotically reaches the CRLB, while MAP using LOS and NLOS data reaches the G‑CRLB, and hybrid schemes improve accuracy relative to single‑data methods.
We present an analysis of the time-of-arrival (TOA), time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA), angle-of-arrival (AOA) and signal strength (SS) based positioning methods in a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment. Single path (line-of-sight (LOS) or NLOS) propagation is assumed. The best geolocation accuracy is evaluated in terms of the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) or the generalized CRLB (G-CRLB), depending on whether prior statistics of NLOS induced errors are unavailable or available. We then show that the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) using only LOS estimates and the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) estimator using both LOS and NLOS data can asymptotically achieve the CRLB and the G-CRLB, respectively. Hybrid schemes that adopt more than one type of position-pertaining data and the relationship among the four methods in terms of their positioning accuracy are also investigated.
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