Neuropharmacological lesion localization in idiopathic <scp>H</scp>orner's syndrome in Golden Retrievers and dogs of other breeds

Abstract

Idiopathic postganglionic HS was diagnosed in eight of 10 Golden Retrievers contradicting previous reports of a purely preganglionic localization. Etiopathogenesis of canine idiopathic HS remains to be determined; nevertheless, a vascular etiology cannot be excluded. Future studies using magnetic resonance angiography may aid in clarifying the pathogenesis.