Generative binary codes

Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data Via the <i>EM</i> Algorithm

A. P. Dempster, N. M. Laird, Donald B. Rubin · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) · 1977 · 49.2K citations

Statistical Signal Processing, Mixture Distribution, Engineering +13

Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex

David H. Hubel, T. N. Wiesel · The Journal of Physiology · 1962 · 13.7K citations

Early Vision, Cognitive Science, Computational Neuroscience +10

Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images

Bruno A. Olshausen, David J. Field · Nature · 1996 · 5.8K citations

Sparse Representation, Image Analysis, Machine Vision +12

Local Computations with Probabilities on Graphical Structures and Their Application to Expert Systems

Steffen L. Lauritzen, David J. Spiegelhalter · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) · 1988 · 3.9K citations

Engineering, Network Analysis, Computational Complexity +29

An Introduction to Variational Methods for Graphical Models

Michael I. Jordan, Zoubin Ghahramani, Tommi Jaakkola et al. · Machine Learning · 1999 · 3.7K citations · Full text