Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment

TLDR

Nature‑based wastewater treatment is replacing energy‑intensive technologies, with constructed treatment wetlands (CTWs) offering cost‑effective, solar‑powered solutions for diverse climates and sectors worldwide. This review aims to synthesize CTW technology and compile global pollutant removal performance data. The authors conduct a comprehensive literature review of CTW designs and collate worldwide pollutant removal performance data.

Abstract

Abstract In the field of wastewater treatment, energy-intensive and highly mechanized technologies are giving way to nature-based technologies that utilize solar energy and living organisms. Constructed treatment wetland (CTW) technology has played an important role in bringing about the change. Wetland technology can provide cheap and effective wastewater treatment in both temperate and tropical climates, and are suitable for adoption in both industrialized as well as developing nations. Currently, CTWs are being utilized for removal of a range of pollutants and a broad variety of wastewaters worldwide. The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the CTW technology and to present the pollutant removal performance experiences gathered through the application of this technology around the world.