Advances in Li–S batteries

TLDR

Li–S batteries promise 3–5× the specific energy of conventional Li‑ion cells, making them attractive for large‑scale storage, but their practical use is limited by high internal resistance, self‑discharge, and rapid capacity fade. The study aims to address these challenges by developing novel sulfur electrodes with smart nanostructures. The authors review recent advances in positive electrode designs that employ smart nanostructured sulfur.

Abstract

Rechargeable Li–S batteries have received ever-increasing attention recently due to their high theoretical specific energy density, which is 3 to 5 times higher than that of Li ion batteries based on intercalation reactions. Li–S batteries may represent a next-generation energy storage system, particularly for large scale applications. The obstacles to realize this high energy density mainly include high internal resistance, self-discharge and rapid capacity fading on cycling. These challenges can be met to a large degree by designing novel sulfur electrodes with "smart" nanostructures. This highlight provides an overview of major developments of positive electrodes based on this concept.