<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:math>-ball formation: Obstacle to Affleck-Dine baryogenesis in the gauge-mediated SUSY breaking?

Abstract

We consider the Affleck-Dine baryogenesis comprehensively in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. Considering the high temperature effects, we see that the Affleck-Dine field is naturally deformed into the form of the Q ball. In the natural scenario where the initial amplitude of the field and the A terms are both determined by the nonrenormalizable superpotential, we obtain only a very narrow allowed region in the parameter space in order to explain the baryon number of the universe for the case that the Q-ball formation occurs just after baryon number production. Moreover, most of the parameter sets suited have already been excluded by current experiments. We also find new situations in which the Q-ball formation takes place rather late compared with baryon number creation. This situation is more preferable, since it allows a wider parameter region for naturally consistent scenarios, although it is still difficult to realize in the actual cosmological scenario.