Real-Time Monitoring of Iron-Core and Copper Losses of Transformers Under (Non)Sinusoidal Operation

Abstract

The online monitoring of iron-core and copper losses of single- and three-phase transformers is important, particularly for transformers feeding nonlinear loads. This paper devises a new digital data acquisition method for the separate online measurement of iron-core and copper losses of three-phase transformers under any full or partial-load conditions. The accuracy requirements of the instruments (voltage and current sensors, voltmeters, and ammeters) employed are addressed. The measurement uncertainties are acceptably low if voltage and current sensors with 0.1%-0.5% accuracy are used.