Semi-automatic generation of as-built BIM facade geometry from laser and image data

Abstract

This article outlines a new semi-automatic approach for generating accurate BIM facade models for existing buildings from laser and image data. Two new developments for as-built BIM modelling are presented in this article. The first is a new library of reusable parametric objects designed for modelling classical architectural elements from survey data. These library objects are dynamic and have parameters that can instantly alter the shape, size and other properties of objects. The parametric architectural objects have been designed from historic manuscripts and architectural pattern books. These parametric objects were built using an embedded programming language within the ArchiCAD BIM software called Geometric Description Language (GDL). The second development which is described in more detail in this article is a complete parametric building facade. This parametric building facade can be used as a template for fast and efficient generation of BIM facade geometry. The design of this parametric facade incorporates concepts from procedural modelling which is an automated approach to generating 3D geometries based on rules and algorithms. Parametric architectural objects are automatically combined with rules to generate many different facade arrangements which are controlled by user parameters. When automatically generating a facade, the initial position and size of elements are estimated using classical architectural proportions. Object can then be graphically edited individually or in groups to match the computer generated geometry to survey data. The parametric facade template has also been implemented with the Geometric Description Language for ArchiCAD BIM software. This enables the tools developed to utilise the full benefits of BIM software which includes automated construction or conservation documents, semantic object oriented objects based on IFC semantic classes, automatic lists of objects and material and the ability to add and link additional information to the model. Initial user tests have indicated that the parametric facade is more efficient than previous methods for creating accurate facade models from survey data. The facade template also provides an easier solution for generating facade models when compared to existing methods. Non-specialist users with little experience in 3D modelling can easily generate and modify the facade template by altering parameters graphically or from a dialogue box.