Monitoring Long-Chain Intermediate Products from the Degradation of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates in the Marine Environment by Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Liquid Chromatography/Ionspray Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

The distribution of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and their biodegradation intermediates (SPC) has been studied at a salt marsh of the Bay of Cadiz. The identification and quantification of LAS and SPC was carried out after solid-phase extraction of 250 mL of water samples followed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence, diode array, and ionspray mass spectrometry. The latter procedure permitted the unequivocal confirmation of long-chain SPC, of up to 11 carbon atoms in seawater, and of up to 13 carbon atoms in interstitial water. Some of these compounds have not been described until now in environmental samples. The relative abundance of the SPC found at some of the sampling stations agrees with what would be expected after the occurrence of the first and second β-oxidations of the alkyl chain of the various homologues of commercial LAS. Furthermore, the existence of SPC-C13 in interstitial water proves unequivocally that ω-oxidation occurs in the environment. In general terms, the persistence of long-chain SPC is evidence that the biodegradation of LAS is a slow process in a marine environment that is deficient in oxygen and highly contaminated with other organic substrates.