Conformational Polymorphism: The Missing Phase of 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (Cl₂HC–CHCl₂)

Abstract

Halogenoethane derivatives are known to exhibit different polymorphs involving a different translational, orientational, and conformational order. The 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (Cl2HC–CHCl2) exhibits a normal pressure orthorhombic phase β (space group P212121 with Z = 8 and Z′ = 2), formed by molecules with one of the two gauche conformations. At high pressure, the stable polymorph is known to be monoclinic (space group P21/c, with Z = 2 and Z′ = 0.5), phase α, in which only the trans conformer appears. In this work, we demonstrate the existence of a normal pressure metastable polymorph, phase γ, for which the two gauche conformers show up in the asymmetric unit of a monoclinic (space group P21/c with Z = 8 and Z′ = 2) structure. The new phase γ is obtained by recrystallization upon heating the glass obtained after quench of the melt. It displays shorter type II Cl···Cl contacts than the high-pressure phase α due to attractive and directional interactions.