The Acute Myotoxic Effects of Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine After Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blockades

Abstract

After continuous peripheral nerve blockades, the long-acting local anesthetics bupivacaine and ropivacaine both induce fiber necrosis in porcine skeletal muscle tissue. In comparison with ropivacaine, bupivacaine causes tissue damage of a significantly larger extent and additionally induces apoptosis in skeletal muscle cells.