Battery Management Systems in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

TLDR

BMS is essential for electric and hybrid vehicles, yet battery performance varies with operating and environmental conditions, making accurate state evaluation (SOC, SOH, SOD) challenging. The study aims to address current BMS concerns by reviewing state‑evaluation methods and proposing solutions to enhance safety and reliability. BMS achieves safety and reliability through state monitoring/evaluation, charge control, and cell balancing, and the paper reviews recent state‑evaluation methods to identify challenges and propose solutions.

Abstract

The battery management system (BMS) is a critical component of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. The purpose of the BMS is to guarantee safe and reliable battery operation. To maintain the safety and reliability of the battery, state monitoring and evaluation, charge control, and cell balancing are functionalities that have been implemented in BMS. As an electrochemical product, a battery acts differently under different operational and environmental conditions. The uncertainty of a battery’s performance poses a challenge to the implementation of these functions. This paper addresses concerns for current BMSs. State evaluation of a battery, including state of charge, state of health, and state of life, is a critical task for a BMS. Through reviewing the latest methodologies for the state evaluation of batteries, the future challenges for BMSs are presented and possible solutions are proposed as well.