Identification of the effects of dynamic treatments by sequential conditional independence assumptions

The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects

Paul R. Rosenbaum, Donald B. Rubin · Biometrika · 1983 · 31K citations · Full text

Public Health, Biostatistics, Causal Inference +16

Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies.

Donald B. Rubin · Journal of Educational Psychology · 1974 · 9.5K citations · Full text

Public Health, Behavioral Sciences, Psychology +13

Marginal Structural Models and Causal Inference in Epidemiology

James M. Robins, Miguel A. Hernán, Babette Brumback · Epidemiology · 2000 · 5.5K citations

Public Health, Biostatistics, Causal Inference +14

Identification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental Variables

Joshua D. Angrist, Guido W. Imbens, Donald B. Rubin · Journal of the American Statistical Association · 1996 · 4.2K citations

Social Sciences, Biostatistics, Economics +14

Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects

Guido W. Imbens, Joshua D. Angrist · Econometrica · 1994 · 4.1K citations

Social Sciences, Biostatistics, Economics +16