Noninvasive Imaging of Early Venous Thrombosis by ¹⁹ F Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Targeted Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions

Abstract

Our results demonstrate that 1H/19F magnetic resonance imaging, together with α2AP-PFCs, is a sensitive, noninvasive technique for the diagnosis of acute deep venous thrombi and pulmonary thromboemboli. Furthermore, ligand coupling by the sterol-based postinsertion technique represents a unique platform for the specific targeting of PFCs for in vivo 19F magnetic resonance imaging.