Lasing Behavior, Gain Property, and Strong Coupling Effects in GaN-Based Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Abstract

The optical properties of a GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with two dielectric distributed Bragg reflectors were investigated under optically pumped operation. The laser emits blue-violet light at a wavelength of 414 nm at room temperature with a high spontaneous emission coupling factor (β-factor) of 2 ×10-2 and a linewidth of 0.25 nm. The optical gain was determined by the Hakki–Paoli method by measuring the photoluminescence spectra below threshold conditions. At room temperature, an optical gain of 2900 cm-1 was obtained under threshold condition. The linewidth enhancement factor (α-factor) is estimated from the ratio of the wavelength and gain derivation with respect to the carrier density, and the α-factor at room temperature is estimated to be 2.8. Strong exciton-photon coupling in the microcavity was observed at room temperature. A 9 meV Rabi splitting with 60% peak-to-valley contrast was determined from the photoluminescence measurements. Emission spectra showing the evolution of anticrossing behavior were also observed.