Morphology-controllable 1D–3D nanostructured TiO₂bilayer photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract

Morphology-controlled bilayer TiO(2) nanostructures consisting of one-dimensional (1D) nanowire bottom arrays and a three-dimensional (3D) dendritic microsphere top layer were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method. These novel 1D-3D bilayer photoanodes demonstrated the highest energy conversion efficiency of 7.2% for rutile TiO(2) dye-sensitized solar cells to date, with TiCl(4) post-treatment.