The influence of BRT on the ambient PM10 concentration at roadside sites of Trans Jakarta Corridors

Abstract

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system was began operation in Jakarta City in January 2004 which triggers a switch of car and motorcycle riders to BRT users. These modal shift changes from car and motorcycle to BRT reduce the emission intensity of primary pollutants such as NOx, PM10 and CO. The objective of this study was to evaluate the BRT system's impact on ambient concentration of PM10 near the BRT's corridors. By using data collected at five continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations near the BRT corridor TransJakarta in 2005, we apply structural equation model which capable to analyze cause-effects relationship among factors in determining PM10 concentration near the BRT lines. Vehicle exhaust emission especially motorcycle and diesel vehicles emission and also micro-meteorology positively affects on PM10 concentration both for weekdays and weekend days. In contrast, wind speed and direction gave negative influence on PM10 concentration. Motorcycles emissions keep remain as the main contributor to vehicle emissions and the influence was larger in the weekend compare to weekday. It was big challenge to shift and reduce the usage of motorcycle by the park and ride motorcycle system as the access mode to BRT which will improve the PM10 concentration near the TransJakarta BRT's lines.