Dissipative solitons in normal-dispersion fiber lasers

Abstract

Mode-locked fiber lasers in which pulse shaping is based on filtering of a frequency-chirped pulse are analyzed with the cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation. An exact analytical solution produces a variety of temporal and spectral shapes, which have not been observed in any experimental setting to our knowledge. Experiments agree with the theory over a wide range of parameters. The observed pulses balance gain and loss as well as phase modulations, and thus constitute dissipative temporal solitons. The normal-dispersion fiber laser allows systematic exploration of this class of solitons.