Population impact of different definitions of airway obstruction

TLDR

There is no consensus on COPD diagnostic criteria, and the NHANES spirometry data lack reversibility testing, underscoring the need for a unified definition. This study evaluated how different definitions of airway obstruction affect estimated prevalence in.

Abstract

There is currently no consensus on the criteria for diagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study evaluated the impact of different definitions of airway obstruction on the estimated prevalence of obstruction in a population-based sample. Using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, obstructive airway disease was defined using the following criteria: 1) self-reported diagnosis of chronic bronchitis or emphysema; 2) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁)/forced vital capacity (FVC) <0.70 and FEV₁ <80% predicted (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Stage IIA); 3) FEV₁/FVC below the lower limit of normal; 4) FEV₁/FVC <88% pred in males and <89% pred in females; 5) FEV₁/FVC <0.70 ("fixed ratio"). Spirometry in this dataset did not include reversibility testing, making it impossible to distinguish reversible from irreversible obstruction. Rates in adults varied from 77 per 1,000 (self-report) to 168 per 1,000 (fixed ratio). For persons aged >50 yrs, the fixed ratio criteria produced the highest rate estimates. For all subgroups tested, the GOLD Stage II criteria produced lower estimates than other spirometry-based definitions. Different definitions of obstruction may produce prevalence estimates that vary by >200%. International opinion leaders should agree upon a clear definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that can serve as a population-based measurement criterion as well as a guide to clinicians.