Variation in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α gene in elite combat athletes

Abstract

Abstract Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ( PPAR α) is a main regulator of energy metabolism, as it regulates the expression of genes encoding several key muscle enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Importantly for power sports, it may affect pathways of glucose metabolism, which can be critical in power‐based sports. The aim of this study was to analyse the distribution of the PPAR α gene polymorphisms in mixed power/endurance athletes. The study was carried out on elite combat athletes and sedentary individuals, in an attempt to determine possible relationships between genotype and physical performance. We tested 60 male elite Polish combat athletes. Control samples came from 181 unrelated sedentary volunteers. The G/C polymorphic site in PPAR α intron 7 was scanned using the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) protocol with TaqI enzyme. Differences in the distribution frequency of this polymorphism were assessed by chi‐square analysis. The results revealed that frequencies of the PPAR α GG genotype (73.33% vs. 54.70%; P= 0.04) and G allele (82.50% vs. 70.17%; P= 0.01) were significantly higher in the elite combat athletes compared with sedentary controls. The results confirm the significance of the PPAR α gene as a useful genetic marker in combat athletes. However, these results should be supported with more experimental data on PPAR α polymorphisms with larger groups of elite athletes.