Carotenoids of the pupae of the Large White butterfly (<i>Pieris brassicae</i>) and the Small White butterfly (<i>Pieris rapae</i>)

Abstract

The light cues received by the larvae of Pieris brassicae which determine diapause can also influence the carotenoid distribution (and hence the colour) in the epidermis and cuticle of the diapausing pupae. Irrespective of background or light cues received during the “sensitive period” of the pharate pupa, these diapausing pupae are coloured green. They then contain more than double the concentration of carotenoids in their epidermis than the non‐diapausing pupae. This green colour can be somewhat modified by switching the full grown larvae to long day regimes immediately after feeding ceases. The Large White and Small White butterfly each has a characteristic carotenoid storage pattern, which can be demonstrated by feeding the larvae on portions of the same cabbage leaves. The braconid parasite Apanteles glomeratus mirrors the carotenoids in its host.