Reactions in preparing Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ultrafine powders by sol-gel process

Abstract

Abstract Bismuth titanate powders around the nanometer range have been synthesized using sol-gel process with bismuth nitrate and titanium butoxide as raw materials. The formation mechanism of sol, gel and the reactions in heat treatment process have been studied. It was found that a chelate reaction occurred in solution. In heat treatment process, the gel started to crystallize into mixture phases at 400°C; at 700°C, formed four phases, at 850°C, finally transformed to single layered perovskite structure. The particle size of powders increased with calcination temperature.