Atoms in strong optical fields: Evolution from multiphoton to tunnel ionization

Abstract

Electron energy spectra from ionization of the noble gases by 617-nm, 100-fs intense laser pulses show that the periodical double structure of narrow Stark-induced resonances and above-threshold ionization disappears gradually from xenon to helium. This implies that shifts and widths become of the order of the atomic-orbital frequencies, as expected at the onset of the tunneling regime.