The significance of sesamoids and retro‐articular processes for the mechanics of joints

Abstract

Extensor muscles may insert by means of flexible tendons that wrap round the joint, through rigid sesamoids, or on to retro‐articular processes. The three types of joint are examined, and equations are derived relating the force required in the muscle to the force exerted on the environment. A selection of mammalian joints are analysed to illustrate the theoretical conclusions.