Estrogen Protects the Inner Retina from Apoptosis and Ischemia-Induced Loss of Vesl-1L/Homer 1c Immunoreactive Synaptic Connections

Abstract

Immunoreactivity for V-1L can be used as a synaptic marker for early changes before more severe neurodegenerative events. The present results suggest that estrogen protects neurons in the GCL including RGCs from both apoptosis and early changes in synaptic connections associated with ischemia and potentially preceding apoptosis.