Phase equilibria of H₂SO₄, HNO₃, and HCl hydrates and the composition of polar stratospheric clouds

Abstract

Thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria behavior for the hydrates and coexisting pairs of hydrates of common acids which exist in the stratosphere are assembled from new laboratory measurements and standard literature data. The analysis focuses upon solid‐vapor and solid‐solid‐vapor equilibria at temperatures around 200 K and includes new calorimetric and vapor pressure data. Calculated partial pressures versus 1/ T slopes for the hydrates and coexisting hydrates agree well with experimental data where available.