Genes & Development · 1988 · 321 citations · 40 references
Life SciencesEndocrinologyGeneticsCell DifferentiationHormone BiochemistryLactationEndocrine Cell DifferentiationEndocrine System DevelopmentGrowth HormoneHormone SynthesisPituitary HormonesRodent EndocrinologyDiphtheria ToxinGrowth Hormone Gene ExpressionPituitary Lactotroph FunctionProlactin BiosynthesisProlactin Gene ExpressionProlactin In LactogenesisTransgenic AnimalsTransgenic Mice
Fusion of the 310 bp located 5' of the rat growth hormone (GH) gene to the human GH structural gene resulted in somatotrope-specific expression in transgenic mice. Human GH transcripts were detected only in pituitaries of these mice, and immunocytochemical analyses revealed that this expression was limited to GH-expressing cell types. The rat GH 5' sequences were then used to direct the expression of diphtheria toxin to the GH-expressing cells of transgenic mice. A line of mice was established which lacks detectable levels of circulating GH. This deficiency resulted in dwarfism; transgenic animals grew only to half the size of nontransgenic littermates. Nearly all somatotropes were absent, as shown by GH immunostaining in the transgenic pituitaries. Prolactin (PRL)-producing lactotropes, thought to share a common cellular origin with somatotropes, were also reduced in numbers. A model for the lineal relationships between GH- and PRL-synthesizing cells is proposed.
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The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
John Sulston, Einhard Schierenberg, John G. White et al. · Developmental Biology · 1983 · 4.3K citations
A. Joseph D’Ercole, Alan D. Stiles, Louis E. Underwood · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 1984 · 1.2K citations