First report of <i>Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus</i> (CSNV) in the UK

Abstract

In November 2002, samples were received from an all-year-round chrysanthemum crop growing under glass in south-west England. The crop consisted of cvs Fiji and Calabria, cuttings of which originated from Brazil. The samples had distinct dark stem lesions and some leaf necrosis. Given these symptoms and the absence of any fungal pathogens, the plants were tested by ELISA for the presence of three tospoviruses. Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) was detected using a polyclonal DAS-ELISA kit (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). Neither Tomato spotted wilt virus nor Impatiens necrotic spot virus were detected. When examined electron-microscopically, sap from the samples was found to contain spherical tospovirus-like virus particles of 90–110 nm in diameter. Mechanical inoculation of sap from affected stem material to a range of indicator plant species resulted in symptoms typical of CSNV (Bezerra et al., 1999), including systemic mosaic in Nicotiana benthamiana; these indicator plants showing symptoms tested positive for CSNV when tested by ELISA. RT-PCR using degenerate tospovirus primers BR60 and BR65 (Eiras et al., 2001) was also performed on extracts taken from chrysanthemum stem tissue showing symptoms and a single product of the correct predicted size (453 bp) was obtained; this product was sequenced and shown to share 98% identity with the 5′ end of the capsid protein gene of a published CSNV sequence (AF067068). The infected crop has now been removed and measures taken to eradicate the infection. As CSNV has previously been reported only from Brazil and the Netherlands (Bezerra et al., 1999;Verhoeven et al., 1996), this is the first report of its occurrence in the UK.