Molecular dynamics study on evaporation and condensation of <i>n</i>-dodecane at liquid–vapor phase equilibria

Abstract

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the evaporation and condensation of n-dodecane (C(12)H(26)) at temperatures in the range 400-600 K. A modified optimized potential for liquid simulation model is applied to take into account the Lennard-Jones, bond bending and torsion potentials with the bond length constrained. The equilibrium liquid-vapor n-dodecane interface thickness is predicted to be ~1.2-2.0 nm. It is shown that the molecular chains lie preferentially parallel to the interface in the liquid-vapor transition region. The predicted evaporation/condensation coefficient decreased from 0.9 to 0.3 when temperature increased from 400 to 600 K. These values can be used for the formulation of boundary conditions in the kinetic modeling of droplet heating and evaporation processes; they are noticeably different from those predicted by the transition state theory. We also present the typical molecular behaviors in the evaporation and condensation processes. The molecular exchange in condensation, typical for simple molecules, has never been observed for n-dodecane molecular chains.