Putting gender into context: An interactive model of gender-related behavior.

TLDR

Previous models emphasize distal factors, but this model highlights that gender‑related behavior is variable, proximally caused, and context dependent, building on expectancy confirmation, self‑verification, and self‑presentation theory. The study proposes a model supplementing existing sex‑difference models, positing that gender‑related behavior is shaped by perceivers’ expectations, the target’s self‑systems, and situational cues. The model integrates expectations of perceivers, target self‑systems, and situational cues to explain gender‑related behavior. Empirical support for the model is provided, along with recommendations for future refinement.

Abstract

A model that describes conditions influencing the display of gender-related behavior is presented as a supplement to existent models of sex differences. Whereas many previous models stress the importance of distal factors, our model emphasizes the degree to which gender-related behavior is variable, proximally caused, and context dependent. More specifically, we propose that gender-related behaviore are influenced by the expectations of perceivers, self-systems of the target, and situational cues. This model of gender-related behavior builds on theory and data in the areas of (a) expectancy confirmation processes and (b) self-verification and self-presentation strategies. Support for the model is presented, and suggestions are offered for its future development.