The Delayed Terminal Flower Phenotype Is Caused by a Conditional Mutation in the <i>CENTRORADIALIS</i> Gene of Snapdragon

Abstract

The snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) centroradialis mutant (cen) is characterized by the development of a terminal flower, thereby replacing the normally open inflorescence by a closed inflorescence. In contrast to its Arabidopsis counterpart, terminal flower1, the cen-null mutant displays an almost constant number of lateral flowers below the terminal flower. Some partial revertants of an X-radiation-induced cen mutant showed a delayed formation of the terminal flower, resulting in a variable number of lateral flowers. The number of lateral flowers formed was shown to be environmentally controlled, with the fewer flowers formed under the stronger flower-inducing conditions. Plants displaying this "Delayed terminal flower" phenotype were found to be heterozygous for a mutant allele carrying a transposon in the coding region and an allele from which the transposon excised, leaving behind a 3-bp duplication as footprint. As a consequence, an iso-leucine is inserted between Asp148 and Gly149 in the CENTRORADIALIS protein. It is proposed that this mutation results in a low level of functional CEN activity, generating a phenotype that is more similar to the Arabidopsis Terminal flower phenotype.