Comparison of caudal ropivacaine, ropivacaine plus ketamine and ropivacaine plus tramadol administration for postoperative analgesia in children

Abstract

Ropivacaine (0.4%), ropivacaine (0.2%) plus ketamine (0.25 mg x kg(-1)) and ropivacaine (0.2%) plus tramadol (0.5 mg x kg(-1)) provided sufficient analgesia in children, but the duration of analgesia was longer in the RT group.