Green synthesis and characterization of phosphorus flame retardant crosslinking agents for epoxy resins

Abstract

ABSTRACT The flame‐retardant efficacy of phosphorus‐containing reactive amine hardeners for epoxy resins is well‐known; however their synthesis often applies hazardous, objectionable reagents. The aim of this work is to develop an effective synthesis method for the preparation of P‐containing amines, which can act as flame‐retardant crosslinking agent in epoxy resins. The syntheses and testing of an aliphatic and two aromatic amines are described: curing properties, glass transition temperature, thermal stability, and flame‐retardant performance of the amines are studied. On the basis of these results, the scaling‐up and the optimization of the synthesis of the phosphorus‐containing aliphatic amine hardener in ReactIR™ in situ FTIR apparatus is discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 40105.