<i>AIS</i> is an oncogene amplified in squamous cell carcinoma

TLDR

AIS is a locus on chromosome 3 that is amplified in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and head and neck. The authors investigated whether the p40/p73L variants lacking the N‑terminal transactivation domain function as oncogenes in cancer. AIS amplification and overexpression of its p68 variant are frequent in squamous cell carcinoma, and ectopic expression of p40 AIS enhances soft‑agar colony formation and tumor growth in mice, supporting an oncogenic role.

Abstract

We and others recently isolated a human p53 homologue ( p40 / p51 / p63 / p73L ) and localized the gene to the distal long arm of chromosome 3. Here we sought to examine the role of p40 / p73L , two variants lacking the N-terminal transactivation domain, in cancer. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed frequent amplification of this gene locus in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and head and neck cancer cell lines. (We named this locus AIS for a mplified i n s quamous cell carcinoma.) Furthermore, amplification of the AIS locus was accompanied by RNA and protein overexpression of a variant p68 AIS lacking the terminal transactivation domain. Protein overexpression in primary lung tumors was limited to squamous cell carcinoma and tumors known to harbor a high frequency of p53 mutations. Overexpression of p40 AIS in Rat 1a cells led to an increase in soft agar growth and tumor size in mice. Our results support the idea that AIS plays an oncogenic role in human cancer.