Antipode · 1995 · 37 citations · 13 references
Social SciencesSociologyUrban StudiesTransportTransportationTransportation PolicyAfrican Social MovementsAfrican Urban StudiesApartheid In Southern AfricaSocial InclusionTransportation SystemsUrban MobilityApartheid Spatial LegaciesApartheid UrbanismSegregated SettlementsTransport InequalityTransport-related Social ExclusionTransportation ExclusionUrban ApartheidUrban Protest Movements
ABSTRACTS The separation of place of residence from place of work under capitalism has been aggravated in South Africa by various apartheid policies which forced African people to the fringes of urban areas. Provision of transport was crucial to the establishment of segregated townships, and four decades of protests against fare increases and conditions demonstrate the importance of this service to African working people. These protests achieved only limited success, but commuters were able to challenge the state and transport companies. Although a national transport policy forum set up in 1992 ushered in a new era of inclusion, it has already become another site of contestation.
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Black Politics in South Africa since 1945
Jennifer Seymour Whitaker, Tom Lodge · Foreign Affairs · 1984 · 522 citations
Civic associations in South Africa
Mark Swilling · Urban Forum · 1993 · 27 citations